年河南高考英语试卷答案解析,河南英语试卷答案【word版本】
高考英语新课标Ⅰ卷实体难度与往年大致相同，题型没有变化。其中，阅读理解题材多样，有记叙文、说明文、应用文等，侧重考查学生的细节理解能力和推理判断能力。完形填空仍是夹叙夹议文，着重考察实词在语篇中的运用，难度适中。语法填空和短文改错涉及到动词，形容词，名词等常见考点，充分考察了学生对篇章解读能力以及对语境和语法知识的掌握。书面表达是学生熟悉的书信文体，话题接近学生生活，让每人有话可说，给学生以拓展空间，具有开放性。
共两节，满分30分
河南高考听力题不计入总分，因此在这里不计入分析范围。
1第一节
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中选出最佳选项。并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
A
YouprobablyknowwhoMarieCuriewas,butyoumaynothaveheardofRachelCarson.Oftheoutstandingladieslistedbelow,whodoyouthinkwasthemostimportantwomanofthepast100years?
JaneAddams(1860-1935)
AnyonewhohaseverbeenhelpedbyasocialworkerhasJaneAddamstothank.Addamshelpedthepoorandworkedforpeace.Sheencouragedasenseofcommunity(社区)bycreatingsheltersandpromotingeducationandservicesforpeopleinneed.In1931,AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize.
RachelCarson(1907-1964)
Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexisttoday.Herpopular1962bookSilentSpringraisedawarenessofthedangersofpollutionandtheharmfuleffectsofchemicalsonhumansandontheworld’slakesandoceans.
SandraDayO’Connor(1930-Psent)
WhenSandraDayO’ConnorfinishedthirdinherclassatStanfordLawSchool,in1952,shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.ShebecameanArizonastatesenator(参议员)and,in1981,thefirstwomantojointheU.S.SuPmeCourt.O’Connorgavethedecidingvoteinmanyimportantcasesduringher24yearsonthetopcourt.
RosaParks(1913-2005)
OnDecember1.1995,inMontgomery,Alabama,RosaParkswouldnotgiveupherseatonabustoawhitepassenger.HersimpleactlandedParksinprison.ButitalsosetofftheMontgomerybusboycott.Itlastedformorethanayear,andkickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement.“TheonlytiredIwas,wastiredofgivingin,”saidParks.
21.WhatisJaneAddamsnotedforinhistory?
A.Hersocialwork.
B.Herteachingskills.
C.Hereffortstowinaprize.
D.Hercommunitybackground.
22.WhatwasthereasonforO’Connor’sbeingrejectedbythelawfirm?
A.Herlackofpropertraininginlaw.
B.Herlittleworkexperienceincourt.
C.Thediscriminationagainstwomen.
D.Thepoorfinancialconditions.
23.Whomadeagreatcontributiontothecivil-rightsmovementintheU.S.?
A.JaneAddams.B.RachelCarson.
C.SandraDayO’ConnorD.RosaParks.
24.Whatcanweinferaboutthewomenmentionedinthetext?
A.Theyarehighlyeducated.B.Theyaretrulycreative.
C.Theyarepioneers.D.Theyarepeace-lovers.
【分析】
本文为说明文，介绍了在过去的100年间四位杰出的女性，大部分题可以在文中直接找出答案。
21.A信息概括题。根据第二段“…asocialworker”可明显得出答案，故A正确。
22.C细节理解题。根据第四段“Shecouldnotfindworkatalawfirmbecauseshewasawoman.”可知，原因在于对女性的歧视，故C正确。
23.D细节理解题。根据第五段“…kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement”可知，RosaPark推动了民权运动，故D正确。
24.C推理判断题。根据第二段最后一句“AddamsbecamethefirstAmericanwomantowintheNobelPeacePrize”；第三段第一句“Ifitweren’tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentmovementmightnotexisttoday”；第四段第二句“…thefirstwomantojointheU.SSuPmeCourt”；最后一段第三句“…kickedoffthecivil-rightsmovement”，可知，四位女性都是历史上的先锋，故C正确。
B
GrandparentsAnsweraCall
Asathird-generationnativeofBrownsville,Texas,MildredGarzaneverplannedtomoveaway.EvenwhenherdaughterandhersonaskedhertomovetoSanAntoniotohelpwiththeirchildren,shepolitelyrefused.OnlyafterayearoffriendlydiscussiondidMs.Garzafinallysayyes.Thatwasfouryearsago.Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities.
NostatisticsshowthenumberofgrandparentslikeGarzawhoaremovingclosertotheirchildrenandgrandchildren.Yetthereisevidencesuggestingthatthetrendisgrowing.EvenPresidentObama’smother-in-law,MarianRobinson,hasagreedtoleaveChicagoandmoveintotheWhiteHousetohelpcareforhergranddaughters.Accordingtoastudy,grandparents.com,83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.Two-thirdsbelievemorefamilieswillfollowtheexampleofObama’sfamily.
“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenough,fastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown,”saysChristianeCrosby,publisherofGrazamagazineforgrandparents.“Wenowrealizehowimportantfamilyisandhowimportanttobenearthem,especiallywhenyou’reraisingchildren.”
Movingisnotforeveryone.Althougheverygrandparentwantstobewithhisorhergrandchildrenandiswillingtomakesacrifices,butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstrugglingbutgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder.
25.WhywasGarza’smoveasuccess?
A.Itstrengthenedherfamilyties.
B.Itimprovedherlivingconditions.
C.Itenabledhertomakemorefriends.
D.Ithelpedherknowmoreplaces.
26.WhatwasthereactionofthepublictoMrs.Robinson’sdecision?
A.17%exPssedtheirsupportforit.
B.Fewpeoplerespondedsympathetically.
C.32%believedithadabadinfluence.
D.Themajoritysuggesteditwasatrend.
27.WhatdidCrosbysayaboutpeopleinthe1960s?
A.Theywereunsureofthemselves.
B.Theywereeagertoraisemorechildren.
C.Theywantedtoliveawayfromtheirparents.
D.Theyhadlittleexperiencesfortheirgrandparents.
28.Whatdoestheauthorsuggestthegrandparentsdointhelastparagraph?
A.Makethedecisionsinthebestinterestoftheirown.
B.Asktheirchildrentopaymorevisitstothem.
C.Sacrificefortheirstrugglingchildren.
D.Gettoknowthemselvesbetter.
【分析】
本文从Garza和Obama两个例子和更多的数据表明，祖父母和第三代住在一起可能会更好，可是这并不适用于所有人，要从每个人的实际情况出发。
25．A细节理解题。定位首段末句由“Todayallthreegenerationsregardthemoveasuccess,givingthemacloserrelationshipthantheywouldhavehadinseparatecities”可知答案。
26．D细节理解题。定位第二段，由“83percentofthepeoplesaidMrs.Robinson’sdecisionwillinfluencegrandparentsintheAmericanfamily.”可知，约83%的人认为Mrs.Robinson的决定会影响美国的很多祖父母，说明不是17%而是83%的人支持，排除A；B选项文中未提及；83%的人支持，说明认为有很坏影响的人占的比例不可能超过17%；D选项符合文意。
27．C推断判断题。由第三段首句“Inthe1960swewereallalittlewildandcouldn’tgetawayfromhomefarenough,fastenoughtoprovewecoulddoitonourown”可推断20世纪60年代的时候，人们想要离开家去证明自己的能力但现实并不允许，心里其实是想离开家的，C选项正确。
28．A推断判断题。由最后一段“butsometimesitiswisertosaynoandvisitfrequentlyinstead.Havingyourgrandchildrenfarawayishard,especiallyknowingyouradultchildisstrugglingbutgivingupthelifeyouknowmaybeharder”可知有时候对祖父母来说，和孩子孙子们住在一起并非就是好的选择，反而不住在一起而是频繁去探访子孙会更好，因为这样就不需要改变祖父母自己熟知的生活方式，由此可推测出作者的建议祖父母是否搬去和子孙一起住最好从祖父母的需求出发，选择A。
C
IamPeterHodes,avolunteerstemcellcourier.SinceMarch2012,I’vedone89trips?ofthose,51havebeenabroad,Ihave42hourstocarrystemcells（干细胞）inmylittleboxbecauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.Inall,fromthetimethestemcellsareharvestedfromadonor（捐献者）tothetimetheycanbeimplantedinthepatient,we’vegot72hoursatmost.SoIamalwaysconsciousoftime.
IhadonetriplastyearwhereIwascaughtbyahurricaneinAmerica.IpickedupthestemcellsinProvidence,RhodeIsland,andwasmeanttoflytoWashingtonthenbacktoLondon.ButwhenIarrivedatthecheck-indeskatProvidence,theladyonthedesksaid:“well,I’mreallysorry,I’vegotsomebadnewsforyou-therearenoflightsfromWashington.”SoItookmyboxandputitonthedeskandIsaid:“Inthisboxaresomestemcellsthatareurgentlyneededforapatient-please,please,you’vegottogetmebacktotheUnitedKingdom.”Shejustdroppedeverything.Shearrangedforaflightonasmallplanetobeheldforme,re-routed（改道）methroughNewarkandgotmebacktotheUKevenearlierthanoriginallyscheduled.
Forthiscourierjob,you’reconsciouslyawarethatinthatboxyou’vegotsomethingthatispotentiallygoingtosavesomebody’slife.
29.Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“courier”inParagraph1?
A.providerB.deliveryman
C.collectorD.medicaldoctor
30.WhydoesPeterhavetocompletehistripwithin42hours?
A.Hecannotstayawayfromhisjobtoolong.
B.Thedonorcanonlywaitforthatlong.
C.Theoperationneedsthatmuchtime.
D.Theicewon’tlastanylonger.
31.WhichfightdidthewomanputPeteronfirst?
A.ToLondon.B.ToNewark.
C.ToProvidence.D.ToWashington.
【分析】
PeterHodes是一名造血干细胞的运输员，再一次运送途中遇上了飓风，一位机场工作人员特地为他安排了一个私人飞机，帮助他比原计划更早的到了英国。
29．B词义猜测题。根据第一段第二行carrystemcells可知，作者是运送细胞的人，所以选择B选项，deliveryman。
30．D细节理解题。从第一段第三行“becauseI’vegottwoicepacksandthat’showlongtheylast.”可以知道选择D选项，“theicewon’tlastanylonger.”
31．B细节理解题。由原文第三段倒数第二行“re-routedmethroughNewark”可知，答案选B。
D
Themeaningofsilencecarriesamongculturegroups.Silencemaybethoughtful,ortheymaybeemptywhenapersonhasnothingtosay.Asilenceinaconversationmayalsoshowstubbornness,uneasiness,or,worry.Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroupsasextremelyuncomfortable;thereforeattemptsmaybemadetofilleverygap(间隙)withconversation.Personsinotherculturalgroupsvaluesilenceandviewitasnecessaryforunderstandingaperson’sneeds.
ManyNativeAmericansvaluesilenceandfeelitisabasicpartofcommunicatingamongpeople,justassometraditionalChineseandThaipersonsdo.Therefore,whenapersonfromoneoftheseculturesisspeakingandsuddenlystops,whatmaybeimplied(暗示)isthatthepersonwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.Inthesecultures,silenceisacallforreflection.
Otherculturesmayusesilenceinotherways,particularlywhendealingwithconflictsamongpeopleorinrelationshipsofpeoplewithdifferentamountsofpower.Forexample,Russian,French,andSpanishpersonsmayusesilencetoshowagreementbetweenpartiesaboutthetopicunderdiscussion.However,Mexicansmayusesilencewheninstructionsaregivenbyapersoninauthorityratherthanberudetothatpersonbyarguingwithhimorher.Instillanotheruse,personsinAsianculturesmayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority,personsinAsianculturemayviewsilenceasasignofrespect,particularlytoanelderorapersoninauthority.
Nursesandothercare-giversneedtobeawareofthepossiblemeaningsofsilencewhentheycomeacrossthepersonalanxietytheirpatientsmaybeexperiencing.Nursesshouldrecognizetheirownpersonalandculturalconstructionofsilencesothatapatient’ssilenceisnotinterruptedtooearlyorallowedtogoonunnecessarily.Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatientsfromtheirownandfromothercultures.
32.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutsilenceinconversations?
A.Itimpliesanger.
B.Itpromotesfriendship.
C.Itisculture-specific
D.Itiscontent-based
33.Whichofthefollowingpeoplemightconsidersilenceasacallforcarefulthought?
A.TheChinese.B.TheFrench.
C.TheMexicans.D.TheRussians.
34.Whatdoestheauthoradvisenursestodoaboutsilence?
A.Letitcontinueasthepatientpleases.
B.Breakitwhiletreatingpatients.
C.eva luateitsharmtopatients.
D.Makeuseofitshealingeffects.
35.Whatmaybethebesttitleforthetext?
A.SoundandSilence
B.Whatitmeanstobesilent
C.SilencetoNativeAmericans
D.SpeechIsSilver;SilenceIsGold
【分析】
32.C推理判断题。由第一段,可以得知A选项不全面，沉默不只代表一个意思；同理，可排除B选项；此段反复强调“Silencemaybeviewedbysomeculturalgroups…”，“Personsinotherculturalgroupsvalue…”可得知，沉默在不同文化中的意义是不同的，而不是根据对话内容变化的，由此可以排除D，得出正确答案C。
33.A细节理解题。题干的意思是“在哪国人的文化中，沉默代表要求对方仔细考虑？”定位第二段“Therefore…personwantsthelistenertoconsiderwhathasbeensaidbeforecontinuing.”中文意思为，在中国和泰国文化中，silence代表说话人想在继续会话之前让倾听者考虑他说过的话。所以可以得出答案A。
34.D细节理解题。对应文章最后一段。答案可以在段落主题句中可以分析出来?第一句和最后一句。尤其是最后一句“Anursewhounderstandsthehealing(治愈)valueofsilencecanusethisunderstandingtoassistinthecareofpatients…”作者认为，了解沉默的治愈价值有助于更好地照顾病人。所以，是建议护士利用沉默的治愈价值的。而A，B选项出现在第2句sothat后面的部分。用了否定词not，是作者所不建议的。C选项在文中并未提及。
35.B主旨大意题。文章为总分的结构，可从第一段入手。定位文章第一句“Themeaningofsilencecariesamongculturegroups.”即可得知全篇都在讲沉默代表的意义，不同的文化意义不同。文中并没提到声音与沉默的关系，所以不选A；文章讲了不同国家沉默代表的意义，不局限于NativeAmericans，排除C；而D选项是一句谚语，“说话是银，沉默是金”，文章并没有对比两者的重要性。因此只能选B。
2第二节
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Secretcodes(密码)keepmessagesprivate.Bank,companies,andgovernmentagenciesusesecretcodeindoingbusiness,especiallywheninformationissentbycomputer.
Peoplehaveusedsecretcodesforthousandsofyears.36Codebreakingneverlags(落后)behindcodemaking.Thescienceofdecodingandreadingcodedmessagesiscalledcryptography.
Therearethreemaintypesofcryptography.37Forexample,thefirstlettersare“Myelephanteatstoomanyeels”spelloutthehiddenmessage“Meetme.”
38YoumightrePsenteachletterwithanumber,forexample,let’snumberthelettersofthealphabet,inorder,from1to26.Ifwesubstituteanumberforeachletter,themessage“Meetme”wouldread“13520135”.
Acodeusessymbolstoreplacewords,phrases,orsentences.Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook.39Forexample,“bridge”mightstandfor“meet”and“out”mightstandfor“me”.Themessage“bridgeout”wouldactuallymean“Meetme”.40However,itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong.Socodesmustbechangedfrequently.
A.Itisveryhardtobreakacodewithoutacodebook.
B.Inanylanguage,somelettersareusedmorethanothers.
C.Onlypeoplewhoknowthekeywordcanreadthemessage.
D.Aslongastherehavebeencodes,peoplehavetriedtobreakthem.
E.Youcanhideamessagebyhavingthefirstlettersofeachwordspellitout.
F.Withacodebook,youmightwritedownwordsthatwouldstandforotherwords.
G.Anotherwaytohideamessageistousesymbolstostandforspecificlettersofthealphabet.
【分析】
36.D本题考察是逻辑关系，根据下一句“codebreakingneverlagsbehindcodemaking”可知上一句是只要出现密码，就会有人去解码，故选D。
37.E本题考察是句子之间的例证关系，从后面文章的举例中“Forexample,thefirstlettersare‘Myelephanteatstoomanyeels’spelloutthehiddenmessage‘Meetme.’”那么前一句应该是对例子的概括，即我们可以知道是运用每个单词的首字母来组成密码，E选项正确
38.G本题考察是文章的篇章结构，前一段是讲到了第一种方法，根据篇章结构，下一段应该是讲述第二种设置密码的方法，而根据该段的例子，即字母表中字母排列顺序转化成为数字信息，所以这里关键词是anotherway还有alphabet，故选G。
39.F本题考察的是逻辑关系，从上一句“Toreadthemessageofarealcode,youmusthaveacodebook”你需要借用解码书来找出密码单词所对应真正意思，F选项表示你应该找出解码书中密码所代表的词语，故F正确。
40.A本题考察的是关键词以及转折关系，根据下一句出现“itisalsohardtokeepacodebooksecretforlong,”这里出现了alsohard,所以上一句关键词为hard;另外however表示转折关系，证明上一句与下一句表达的意思相反，即上一句应该没有解密书，是很难去完成解密工作，故A正确。
